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1. 作家简介
全名:弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf,1882-1941)
生卒:1882年1月25日-1941年3月28日(享年59岁)
流派:现代主义文学代表人物
身份:小说家、散文家、出版商、女性主义思想家
特殊贡献:布卢姆斯伯里团体(Bloomsbury Group)核心成员
2. 代表作品 (小说类)
《达洛维夫人》(Mrs Dalloway, 1925):
运用意识流手法描写一天内的生活,探索时间与记忆
《到灯塔去》(To the Lighthouse, 1927):
自传性作品,通过拉姆齐一家展现人际关系与艺术本质
《海浪》(The Waves, 1931):
实验性作品,六个人物的内心独白构成生命交响曲
《奥兰多》(Orlando, 1928):
跨越300年性别转换的奇幻传记,挑战性别观念
散文与批评:
《一间自己的房间》(A Room of One's Own, 1929):
女性主义经典,"一个女人要写作,必须有钱和属于自己的房间"
《普通读者》系列:
展现其敏锐的文学批评眼光
3. 写作风格与创新
意识流大师:
突破传统叙事,捕捉思维的自然流动
时间实验:
打破线性时间,创造"心理时间"
诗性语言:
散文化的小说叙述,充满韵律感
女性视角:
开创性地呈现女性内心世界的复杂性
4. 生平与精神世界
童年创伤:
13岁丧母,少女时期遭遇同父异母兄长性侵
精神疾病:
终生受躁郁症困扰,多次尝试自杀
婚姻:
与伦纳德·伍尔夫(Leonard Woolf)的婚姻充满支持与理解
最终选择:
1941年自沉于乌斯河,衣袋装满石头
5. 女性主义思想
批判"天使家庭"的传统女性形象
主张女性经济独立与教育平等
揭示文学史中女性声音的缺失
探索性别界限与流动性(见《奥兰多》)
6. 文学遗产与影响
被誉为20世纪最伟大的英语作家之一
开创现代小说新形式
影响玛格丽特·阿特伍德、迈克尔·坎宁安等作家
其名字成为女性创造力的象征
经典语录:
"不必匆忙。不必火花四溅。不必成为别人,只需做自己。"
7. 推荐阅读顺序
《一间自己的房间》(了解其思想)
《达洛维夫人》(入门小说)
《到灯塔去》(艺术成就最高)
《奥兰多》(最具娱乐性)
《海浪》(最实验性)

Virginia Woolf (1882–1941)
"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."
1. Key Facts
Full Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen)
Born: January 25, 1882, London
Died: March 28, 1941 (suicide by drowning)
Movement: Modernism
Known For: Stream-of-consciousness narrative, feminist essays, and literary innovation.
2. Major Works
Novels:
"Mrs. Dalloway" (1925): A day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, exploring time, memory, and post-WWI trauma.
"To the Lighthouse" (1927): Semi-autobiographical; examines family dynamics and the nature of art.
"Orlando" (1928): A gender-fluid, centuries-spanning fantastical biography.
"The Waves" (1931): Experimental "poem-novel" with six interwoven monologues.
Non-Fiction:
"A Room of One’s Own" (1929): Feminist manifesto arguing for women’s creative independence.
"The Common Reader" essays: Sharp literary criticism celebrating "ordinary" readers.
3. Literary Style & Innovations
Pioneered stream-of-consciousness: Captured the fluidity of human thought.
Shattered linear time: Used "moments of being" to reveal deeper truths.
Lyrical prose: Blurred boundaries between poetry and fiction.
Feminist themes: Exposed patriarchal constraints on women’s lives.
4. Tragic Life & Legacy
Childhood trauma: Sexual abuse by half-brothers; her mother’s early death.
Mental health: Lifelong bipolar disorder; institutionalized multiple times.
The Bloomsbury Group: Intellectual circle including E.M. Forster and John Maynard Keynes.
Death: Filled her pockets with stones and walked into the River Ouse during WWII.
5. Why She Matters Today
Feminist icon: Her demand for women’s space/agency still resonates.
Modernist genius: Changed how novels could be written.
LGBTQ+ ally: "Orlando" is an early queer literature landmark.
Cultural influence: Inspired films ("The Hours"), art, and academic studies.
Fun Fact: The word "feminism" appears nowhere in "A Room of One’s Own"—yet it’s a cornerstone of feminist theory!
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