约翰·高尔斯华绥及其作品《福赛特世家》
John Galsworthy约翰·高尔斯华绥
John Galsworthy (1867—1933)，one of the most prominent of the 20th century English realistic writers，was born into an bourgeois family. The publication of his early books attracted little attention. He then learned from French and Russian novelists，and admired Maupassant for the economy and clarity of writing，and Tolstoy for the depth of insight and the breadth of character drawing. The Man of Property，showing maturity and consummate craftsmanship，was a landmark in the development of his art.
The idea of composing a series of novels portraying the history of English bourgeois life occurred to him while he was writing next novel，In Chancery. The project was carried out in his masterpiece The Forsyte Saga，which is actually a title to the collection of two trilogies，each consisting of three novels and two interludes. It took him 22 years to accomplish this monumental work，which gives a profound and true-to-life picture of the English bourgeois society during a period of 40 years，beginning from the eighties of the 19th century up to the twenties of the 20th century. The theme of this novel is that of the predominant possessive instinct of the Forsytes and its effects upon the personal relationships of the family with the underlying assumption that human relationships of the contemporary English society are merely an extension of property relationships. The harsh satire is brought out very effectively in the early chapters，but is changed into a more tolerant one，and finally is reduced to a distinctly sentimental one，thus weakening the effect of the novel.
Galsworthy also distinguished himself as a playwright. Throughout his life，he was preoccupied with the social injustice in his time. He regarded human life as a struggle between the rich and the poor. And his sympathy always went out to the suffering poor. In his late years，he enjoyed a high international reputation and received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1932.
约翰·高尔斯华绥（1867—1933），20世纪英国最著名的现实主义小说家之一。早期作品不受欢迎。后向法国和俄国小说家学习，如莫泊桑作品的语言之凝练、托尔斯泰人物刻画之深刻等。《有产业的人》代表着其艺术成就的至真至美，是其艺术成熟的标志。
在写第二本小说《在法庭》时，他产生了创作一系列故事来全面刻画英国资本主义生活的想法，并得以在《福赛特世家》中实现，这是两个三部曲作品的合集，每个三部曲包含三本小说和两个插曲。他花了22年的时间完成了这一不朽的大作，对19世纪80年代到20世纪20年代间约40年的英国资本主义社会进行了深刻真实的展现。小说旨在揭露福赛特家族成员强烈的占有欲，以及在强调当代英国社会的人际关系就是财产关系的延伸这样一个假说的基础上，表现它在家庭中，对人际关系的影响。尖锐的讽刺在小说的最初几章表现得淋漓尽致，渐渐稍有弱化，最后干脆弱化成一种很明显的伤感论调，小说的影响也因此被削弱。
高尔斯华绥也是位著名的剧作家，一生关注他那个时代里的种种社会不公。他把人生看作富有者和贫穷者之间的较量。而他的同情心也往往会给予那些承受磨难的穷人。晚年的他获得极高的国际声誉，并在1932年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。
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