看美剧绝望的主妇学英语：同位语及其从句
绝望的主妇这部相比其它美剧一个独特的优势便是：除了能够帮助我们提高听力口语，她还非常有益于我们提高英语写作水平。从句型结构来看，《绝望的主妇》每集的旁白解说包含种类丰富的句型结构和语法知识点。不到一分钟的解说可能包含四到五种时态，是打磨写作水平的绝佳素材。今天我们要探讨的话题是：『看绝望主妇学英语』之同位语和同位语从句。
首先，我们先了解下什么是同位语，以及在美剧《绝望的主妇》里面出现的样例：
同位语（Appositive）：如果一句话中，两个句子成份所指内容相同，则后者称为前者的同位语。（同位语一般充当名词及代词），以下为美剧《绝望的主妇》剧本中关于同位语的相关例句：
E.G.1：It's got rolls, muffins, breakfast type things.
E.G.2：Her husband, Karl, always teased her about her macaroni.
E.G.3：My body was discovered by my neighbor Mrs. Martha Huber.
同位语从句（Appositive clause）：若同位语以句子形式出现，则称为同位语从句（由连词『单纯连词、连接代词、连接限定词、连接副词』引导，补充说明名词及其短语），以下为美剧《绝望的主妇》剧本中关于同位语从句的相关例句：
E.G.1：You do realize that you'll have to disclose the fact that your wife killed herself in the house.
翻译：你应该清楚你必须公布妻子在房子里自杀的事实。（绝望的主妇：S01E07）
E.G.2：News that an intruder had breached the security of Wisteria Lane spread like wildfire.
翻译：有人入侵紫藤郡的消息向野火燎原一样传遍全镇。（绝望的主妇：S01E05）
E.G.3：I just never got the idea that they were really happy.
翻译：不过我总是觉得他们并不是真的幸福。（绝望的主妇：S01E03）
E.G.4：It was a lovely thought that just went hideously, hideously, hideously wrong. （定语从句）
翻译：这个想法真挺不错的，不过执行起来惊人地 异常地 荒诞无稽地离谱。（绝望的主妇：S03E16）
E.G.5：So he had a plan that would set neighbor against neighbor and friend against friend. And it was a plan that was going to succeed. （定语从句）
翻译：所以他有个计划：要让邻里反目、朋友成仇，而这个计划势在必得。（绝望的主妇：S07E05）
E.G.6：I don't want to make a decision that I'm going to be ashamed of for the rest of my life. （定语从句）
翻译：我不想做出一个让自己终生后悔和羞愧的决定。（绝望的主妇：S08E19）
E.G.7：Sadly for Juanita, this was one dream that would never come true. （定语从句）
翻译：可怜的胡安妮塔，只可惜这个梦永远都不会成真了。（绝望的主妇：S01E17）
E.G.8：I don't know why, but I have this overwhelming feeling that you're gonna be just fine.
翻译：但我有种强烈的预感：你一定会好起来的。（绝望的主妇：S01E22）
E.G.9：But let's be honest: There's no guarantee that you'll ever be ready.
翻译：但是说句心里话：谁也不能保证你什么时候能准备好。（绝望的主妇：S01E06）
E.G.10：The blessed knowledge that god's love for us is as sure as the sunlight. （定语从句）
翻译：上帝之爱犹如阳光般坚定，并将永远闪耀（绝望的主妇：S04E11）
E.G.11：but the only response I've gotten is a text message that says this blows his mind and he's extremely bummed out. （定语从句）
翻译：但只得到了一条短信息的回复：他说：他十分吃惊和沮丧。（绝望的主妇：S02E19）
E.G.12：I wanted it in the back of his mind that he had a loving wife at home with a loaded Smith & Wesson.
翻译：我希望在他的潜意识中明白：家里有个很爱他的妻子和一把上了膛的沃森左轮手枪。（绝望的主妇：S01E01）
E.G.13：Are you sure there isn't a possibility that she somehow was involved in this?
翻译：你觉不觉得她有可能参与此事？（绝望的主妇：S07E11）
E.G.14：She blamed me for every problem that Rex and I ever had.
翻译：她把我和雷克斯之间的问题都归罪于我。（绝望的主妇：S02E03）
E.G.15：But before I do...I need proof that the two of you are prepared to face the challenges ahead.
翻译：我得需要你们能证明自己能面对未来的挑战。（绝望的主妇：S02E16）
E.G.16：And there it was...The question that Lynette always dreaded.
翻译：麻烦来了，勒奈特最怕别人问这个问题。（绝望的主妇：S01E01）
E.G.17：Or her realization that he wasn't going to say the words she desperately needed to hear.
翻译：或是因为她没有听到 男友说那句她渴望听到的话。（绝望的主妇：S06E02）
E.G.18：I just wish there had been some warning, some sign that she would do such a thing.
翻译：我真希望当时会有一些她将会做这件事情的警示或者征兆。（绝望的主妇：S05E13）
E.G.19：What am I gonna tell them, huh? The truth that you saw that Bolen kid fighting with Julie.
翻译：到时我怎么说? 说真话咯：就说你看见那孩子和Julie吵架（绝望的主妇：S06E02）
E.G.20：He has a theory that Rex didn't die of a heart attack.
翻译：他推测雷克斯不是死于心脏病发。（绝望的主妇：S02E03）
在某些抽象名词后可以用that, whether, when等引导的从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。这些名词有： （红色标识的在《绝望的主妇》语料库中均有对应例句）
agreement 一致意见 assumption 假定 awareness 意识 belief 看法 conclusion 结论 conviction 深信 decision 决定 delusion 错觉 determination 决心 discovery 发现 doubt 怀疑 dream 梦想 evidence 证据 explanation 解释 fact 事实 feeling 感觉 guarantee 保证hope 希望 idea 观点 knowledge 认识 likelihood 可能性 message 信息 mind 心里 news 消息 notion 观念 objection 反对 opinion 观点 possibility 可能性 prediction 预测
possibility 可能性 problem 问题 proof 证据 proposal 建议 proposition 论点、主张
question 问题 realization 认识 rumor 传闻 sign 迹象 truth 事实 theory 理论 thought 想法
我们不难发现同位语从句所对应的名词主要产生于抽象名称（Intangible，想不出来长什么样）：陈述某种事实、问题、认知、观点、想法、推测及态度等。
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